染雾秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词 篇一
Welcome to the Terracotta Army Museum! Today, we will take you on a journey back in time to the majestic era of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. The Terracotta Army, also known as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, is one of the most significant archaeological discoveries in the world. Let's explore this incredible site together.
First, let's talk about the history of the Terracotta Army. It was constructed over 2,200 years ago as part of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum complex. The purpose of these life-sized terracotta statues was to serve as an army to protect the emperor in the afterlife. Each warrior is unique, with different hairstyles, facial expressions, and armor, reflecting the diversity of the Qin Dynasty.
As you enter Pit 1, the largest pit, you will be amazed by the sheer magnitude of the Terracotta Army. This pit alone contains over 6,000 warriors, horses, and chariots. The soldiers are arranged in battle formation, ready to defend their emperor. Take a moment to appreciate the attention to detail in the craftsmanship of each statue. The level of skill and precision demonstrated by ancient Chinese artisans is truly remarkable.
Moving on to Pit 2, you will encounter a different scene. This pit is smaller in size but contains a variety of military officials, including infantrymen, archers, and charioteers. The layout of this pit suggests a command center, with officers positioned strategically. This pit provides valuable insights into the organization and structure of the Qin Dynasty's military.
Finally, let's explore Pit 3, the smallest pit. This pit is believed to represent the headquarters of the army. Here, you will find high-ranking officers and generals, as well as a war chariot. The statues in this pit are more intricately designed and showcase the elite soldiers of the Terracotta Army.
Throughout your visit, you will notice that the statues are not only warriors but also horses. The Terracotta Horses are another remarkable aspect of this site. They were highly valued in ancient China for their importance in warfare and transportation. The level of detail in the horse statues is astonishing, with each one displaying different poses and expressions.
In addition to the three main pits, there are also several exhibition halls where you can learn more about the history and significance of the Terracotta Army. These halls display artifacts, including weapons, bronze chariots, and other archaeological finds from the site.
As we conclude our tour, I hope you have gained a deeper understanding and appreciation for the Terracotta Army. This extraordinary archaeological site provides a glimpse into the rich history of ancient China and the grandeur of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's reign. Thank you for joining us today, and we hope you enjoy the rest of your visit.
秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词 篇二
Welcome to the Terracotta Army Museum! Today, we invite you to explore the incredible world of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, a true testament to the artistry and craftsmanship of ancient China. Let's embark on this fascinating journey together.
As you enter the museum, you will be greeted by the awe-inspiring sight of the Terracotta Army. Discovered by local farmers in 1974, this archaeological wonder has captivated the world ever since. The army consists of thousands of life-sized clay soldiers, each with its own unique features. These warriors were meticulously crafted by skilled artisans, reflecting the military might and cultural significance of Emperor Qin Shi Huang's reign.
The main pit, Pit 1, is the largest and most impressive. Here, you will witness rows upon rows of infantrymen, archers, and charioteers, standing in battle formation. It is estimated that there are over 6,000 soldiers in this pit alone. Take your time to observe the intricate details of each warrior, from their facial expressions to their armor and weapons. It is truly a sight to behold.
Moving on to Pit 2, you will encounter a different scene. This pit is believed to represent a command center, with military officials positioned strategically. Here, you can see the diversity and hierarchy within the Terracotta Army. The attention to detail in the statues is astonishing, with each one portraying different ranks and roles.
The smallest pit, Pit 3, is considered the headquarters of the army. In this pit, you will find high-ranking officers and generals, as well as a war chariot. The statues in this pit are more elaborately designed, showcasing the elite soldiers of the Terracotta Army.
Beyond the main pits, the museum also houses several exhibition halls where you can learn more about the history and significance of the Terracotta Army. These halls display artifacts such as weapons, bronze chariots, and other archaeological finds. They provide a deeper understanding of the military and cultural aspects of the Qin Dynasty.
As you explore the museum, you will also come across the Terracotta Horses. These horses were highly valued in ancient China for their role in warfare and transportation. The craftsmanship and attention to detail in these statues are exceptional, capturing the grace and power of these majestic creatures.
In conclusion, the Terracotta Army is not only an archaeological wonder but also an invaluable cultural treasure. It offers a unique window into the past, allowing us to appreciate the skills and achievements of ancient Chinese civilization. We hope you enjoy your visit and leave with a newfound appreciation for this remarkable UNESCO World Heritage Site. Thank you for joining us today, and we wish you a memorable experience at the Terracotta Army Museum.
秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词 篇三
秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词
兵马俑是古代墓葬雕塑的`一个类别。古代实行人殉，奴隶是奴隶主生前的附属品，奴隶主死后奴隶要作为殉葬品为奴隶主陪葬。兵马俑即制成兵马(战车、战马、士兵)形状的殉葬品。以下是小编带来的秦始皇兵马俑英文导游词，希望对你有帮助。
Emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210B.C.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 B.C., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.
In the year 221 B.C., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.
After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and pision and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.
Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, pination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”
Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.
Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.
No.1 Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well 1.5km east of the mausoleum. In 1976, No.2 and 3 Pits were found 20m north of No.1 Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of No.1 and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on Oct.1, the National Day, 1979.
No.1 Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is pided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of th
No.2 Pit sis about half the size of No.1 Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.
No.3 Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, No.2 and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both No.1 and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.
The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78m, the shortest, to 1.97m, the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.
Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high level.
In December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.
The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.
No.2 bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. No.1 bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.
