染雾高考英语阅读理解作者的意图 篇一
文章标题：解读作者意图：引发思考与增强阅读能力
在高考英语阅读理解中，理解作者的意图是非常重要的。了解作者的目的和意图能够帮助我们更好地理解文章的主题和要点，提高阅读理解的能力。本文将解读作者意图的重要性，并提供一些实用的阅读策略。
首先，了解作者的意图可以帮助我们更好地理解文章的主题和要点。作者在写作时通常有一个目的，可能是传达信息、表达观点、提供解决问题的方法等。通过理解作者的意图，我们能够更准确地抓住文章的核心思想，从而更好地回答相关问题。
其次，了解作者的意图可以帮助我们预测文章的发展和结构。作者在写作时通常会按照一定的逻辑顺序来组织文章，通过了解作者的意图，我们可以预测到文章接下来可能会讨论什么内容，从而更好地把握文章的结构和思路。
第三，了解作者的意图可以帮助我们更好地理解文章中的细节和推理。作者在写作时通常会使用各种手法和修辞手段来表达自己的观点，通过了解作者的意图，我们能够更好地理解文章中的隐含意义，把握文章中的细节和推理过程。
那么，如何理解作者的意图呢？下面是一些实用的阅读策略：
首先，我们可以通过仔细阅读文章的标题、开头和结尾来获取一些线索。通常，作者会在文章的开头或结尾明确表达自己的意图，通过理解这些线索，我们可以更好地理解文章的整体意思。
其次，我们可以仔细分析作者使用的语言和修辞手法。作者通常会使用一些特定的词汇、句型或修辞手法来表达自己的意图，通过分析这些语言和修辞手法，我们可以更好地理解作者的意图。
最后，我们可以通过思考作者的观点和立场来理解作者的意图。作者在写作时通常会表达自己的观点和立场，通过思考作者的观点和立场，我们可以更好地理解作者的意图。
总之，理解作者的意图对于高考英语阅读理解非常重要。通过了解作者的目的和意图，我们能够更好地理解文章的主题和要点，提高阅读理解的能力。同时，通过一些实用的阅读策略，我们能够更好地理解作者的意图，并提高解题的准确性和速度。
高考英语阅读理解作者的意图 篇二
文章标题：揭示作者意图：传递价值观与培养批判性思维
在高考英语阅读理解中，理解作者的意图是非常重要的。除了帮助我们更好地理解文章的主题和要点，了解作者的意图还能够传递价值观念，培养批判性思维。本文将探讨作者意图的价值和意义，并提供一些实用的阅读策略。
首先，了解作者的意图可以帮助我们理解文章所传递的价值观念。作者在写作时通常会表达自己的价值观念，通过理解作者的意图，我们能够更好地理解文章中蕴含的价值观念，拓宽我们的思维和视野。
其次，了解作者的意图可以培养我们的批判性思维。通过分析作者的意图，我们能够更好地理解文章中的观点和立场，从而培养我们的批判性思维能力。我们可以思考作者的观点是否合理，是否有充分的依据，从而形成自己的独立思考。
第三，了解作者的意图可以帮助我们更好地理解文章中的隐含信息。作者在写作时通常会使用一些隐喻、比喻或象征等修辞手法来表达自己的观点，通过了解作者的意图，我们能够更好地理解文章中的隐含信息，提高阅读理解的准确性和深度。
那么，如何理解作者的意图呢？下面是一些实用的阅读策略：
首先，我们可以通过仔细阅读文章的上下文来获取一些线索。作者通常会在文章的各个部分表达自己的意图，通过仔细阅读上下文，我们可以更好地理解作者的意图。
其次，我们可以思考作者的观点和立场。作者在写作时通常会表达自己的观点和立场，通过思考作者的观点和立场，我们能够更好地理解作者的意图。
最后，我们可以分析文章中的语言和修辞手法。作者通常会使用一些特定的词汇、句型或修辞手法来表达自己的意图，通过分析这些语言和修辞手法，我们能够更好地理解作者的意图。
总之，理解作者的意图对于高考英语阅读理解非常重要。通过了解作者的意图，我们能够传递价值观念，培养批判性思维，并提高阅读理解的能力。同时，通过一些实用的阅读策略，我们能够更好地理解作者的意图，并提高解题的准确性和速度。
高考英语阅读理解作者的意图 篇三
作者观点态度题就是指针对作者的写作意图、观点态度和对事件的评价设问的阅读理解题目。作者在文章中不仅客观地进行叙述和说明，往往还持有某种态度，如对某一观点或赞同或反对，或肯定或批评。因此这类题主要考查对作者的观点、感情、态度、写作目的和意图的理解。
作者的观点和态度除了直接表达外，还经常在文章中间接表达出来。考生可以通过全文的叙述，从文章的主要内容去理解作者的观点；有时作者也会在文章中用特殊的词汇表达自己的思想感情。同学们要从文章中的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。
观点态度题的题干形式：作者态度观点题考查目标比较明确，题干一般都含有according to the writer, attitude, opinion, believe, consider, regard等词或短语。这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表现的态度和写作意图外，有的还考查作者对具体的某个人或事物的态度或评价。作者观点态厦题的题干主要有以下几种形式：
1) What is the purpose of the text?／The purpose of the passage is to .
2) What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?
3) What's the author's attitude towards…?
4) Who are the intended readers of the passage?
5) What does the author mean by saying "…"?
6) From the…paragraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us?
作者观点态度题的解题：作者的态度和立场一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立 高二；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。同学们除了可以通过在文中寻找带有感情色彩的词来判断作者的态度外，有时还需要综合运用一些阅读，如：根据文章中与问题相关的细节做出判断，根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的态度、观点，有时还需要同学们通读全文并把握文章的主旨，最后做出正确选择。下面我们以2008年部分省市题为例，具体分析作者观点态度题的解题。
例1：
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate at the street table, and lauded over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before? (2008年全国卷I A篇)
58. What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
A. More critical.
B. More talkative.
C. Gentle and friendly.
D. Strict and hard-working.
【解析
】本题问作者对父亲的看法。A．更挑剔了；B．更健谈了；C．温和而友好；D．严厉而且勤奋。此题需要从文章的细节描写着手找到答案。根据"Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules"和"…who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around"这两句可推知作者感觉父亲不像从前那么严厉、难以相处了，父亲现在看起来友好而且有趣。答案选C。
例2：
People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(体育馆)….
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness (保护带) around your chest to hold you. …A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. …The most difficult part is to control your fear….
Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. (2008年安徽卷C篇)
67. Why does the author write this passage?
A. To tell people where to find gyms.
B. To prove the basic need for climbing.
C. To encourage people to climb mountains.
D. To introduce the sport of wall climbing.
【解析
】题目问作者的写作目的，这在文章中并没有指明，需要同学们通读全文来把握文章大意。从全文来看，本文主要讲述的是攀登运动越来越受到人们的青睐，但也需要训练，详尽地介绍了对身体有益的室内攀登运动。四个选项对作者写作意图表述如下：A．告诉人们哪里有体育馆；B．证明人们对攀登有着最基本的需求；c．鼓励人们去登山；D．介绍室内攀登这项运动。选项A不是文章的主题；选项B在文章结尾段虽有涉及，但也算不上是主要内容；作者虽然提及了攀登的好处，但并未明确鼓励人们参与此项运动，因此C不正确。答案为D。
例3：
The number of married women who want to continue working increases rapidly because they enjoy their jobs. However, if they want to have children, they immediately have serious problems. Though most companies allow women to leave their jobs for a short time to have a baby, they expect women with babies to give up their jobs. In short, if they want to bring up children properly, both parents have to work, but it is hard for mothers to work. Indeed, women who want to continue working have to choose between having children or keeping their jobs.
In a word, Asian governments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon as possible. (2008年安徽卷E篇)
75. The writer seems to believe that Asian governments should .
A. let women stay at home and have a baby
B. allow one of the parents to go out to work
C. care for the growing needs of women for jobs
D. punish the companies that permit women to leave
【解析
】题目问作者在亚洲政府对女性就业这一问题上给出了什么建议。A．让女性回归家庭生儿育女；B．允许父母中的一个外出；C．对女性在方面的需求多加关注；D．惩罚那些允许女性离职的公司。根据第一段最后一句话"Indeed, women who…or keeping their jobs"及最后一段可知女性所面临的实际困难，所以亚洲各国政府应该采取一些措施改变这一现状来避免出现更多的DINK家庭，而最有效的措施是C项。
例4：
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around. And judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion. (2008年浙江卷D篇)
54. What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?
A. He felt it was worth a try.
B. He was very fond of it.
C. He was strongly against it.
D. He thought it must be painful.
【解析
】本段讲述了作者通过亲自参加jogging(慢跑)锻炼，体会到jogging并不像人们中的那么好，他认为自己的锻炼方式也可以达到健身的目的。题目问作者起初对慢跑的看法如何。A．他认为值得一试；B．他非常喜欢这项运动；C．他极力反对这项运动；D．他认为这项运动非常痛苦。从"I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could."和"So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more."两句，我们可以看出作者起初对慢跑并无排斥，而且认为值得一试，A项较符合作者的态度。
例5：
It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us had reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence(青春期). In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. (2008年天津卷E篇)
55. How does the author feel about his childhood?
A. Happy but short.
B. Lonely but memorable.
C. Boring and meaningless.
D. Long and unforgettable.
【解析
】题目问作者如何评价自己的童年。A．快乐却短暂；B．孤单却值得回忆；C．乏味、无趣；D．漫长而又难忘。根据"It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end."和 下句"In March…,"以及下句"…and all of a sudden it occurred to a11 three of us…high school cafeteria"可以看出作者是在慨叹童年时光快乐却短暂。答案选A。
高考阅读理解设题越来越灵活。题目难度也逐年增加，作者的态度观点已不仅仅局限在"是与非"、"支持与反对"、"乐观与悲观"的选择上，而是加入了更多对文章细节和主旨大意理解的要求。解答这类题的时候，同学们要注意题目的提问方法是否有明确的针对性。即是针对文章中的一部分进行设题。还是对全文的写作目的或意图进行考查。结合多种阅读技巧有助于同学们做出正确选择。
常见的英语同义词50组(下)
26. 增加 27. 笑 28. 疯 29.味道 30. 滑 31. 怕 32. 闪光 33. 大 34. 感情 35. 工作,职业 36. 停止 37. 旅行 38. 抓,握 39. 看,凝视 40. 静 41. 消灭 42. 结果 43. 表明,代表 44. 帮助 45. 获得,得到 46. 礼品,礼物 47. 愚蠢 48. 地区 49. 会议,集会 50. 成就,功绩
26.增加
increase: To make or become larger in amount or number.
it refers to quantity or intensity as well as size.
The population of this county has increased.
add: To put together with something else so as to increase the
number size, importance.
He added some wood to increase the fire.
(扩大) enlarge: To grown larger or wider.
I want to enlarge this photograph/house.
(放大) magnify: To make something appear larger than in reality, esp. by means of a lens.
You have magnified the peril.
(扩充) amplify: To make large or fuller, esp. give fuller information, more details etc.
to amplify a radio signal/sound.
augment: (fml) To become larger or greater.
It emphasizes the action of addition.
He augmented his income by writing some short stories.
(扩展 扩张) expand: To increase in range scope or volume as well as in size. Iron expands when it is heated.
(加长) extend: To make longer in space or time, to extend a railway.
Can't you extend your visit for a few days.
27.笑
(微笑)
smile: The corners of your mouth move outwards and slightly upwards.
He smiles his consent./with satisfaction.
(大笑) laugh: To make a noise to show one's amusement and
happiness. You can laugh at a joke or at an amusing sight. You can laugh at someone without being amused.
They all laughed loudly.
(露齿而笑) grin: To smile with the teeth.
The boy grinned from ear to ear when I gave him a
sweet.
(暗笑 含笑) chuckle: To laugh quietly.
I could hear him chuckling to himself as he read
that funny article.
(咯咯笑) giggle: To laugh repeatedly foolishly and uncontrollably, esp. by girls.
I heard them giggle when I passed by the girls.
(窃笑 暗笑) snicker: To laugh in a disrespectful more or less secret way.
On hearing his absurd opinion, I went snickering.
(假笑 痴笑) simper: To smile in a silly unnatural way.
When I told him the thing, he simply simpered.
(得意的笑) smirk: To smile in a false or too satisfied way.
He smirked at everyone that passed.
(窃笑) titter: To laugh very quietly from nervousness or badly
controlled amusement.
The girls tittered when they heard this.
(狂笑) guffaw: To laugh loudly and rudely.
All the people guffawed at his silly words.
(哄笑) roar: To laugh long and loudly.
They roared after they heard the joke.
(欢笑) chortle: To give a laugh of pleasure or satisfaction.
He chortled with delight when I told him the news.
(笑骂) taunt: To try to make sb angry, or upset by making unkind
remarks, laughing at faults or failures.
They taunted her with her inability to swim.
(嘲笑 嘲弄) ridicule: To laugh unkindly at or to make unkind fun of.
They all ridiculed the idea.
(讥笑) deride: To laugh at or make fun of as of no value. /to mock
at someone with contempt They all derided his foolishness.
(嘲弄) mock: To laugh at sb(sth) when it is wrong to do so, esp.
by copying in a funny or contemptuous way.
The students mocked the seriousness of his expression.
twit: (infl) To make fun of sb because of behavior, a mistake, a fault, etc.
He twitted her with her timidity.
(嘲笑 轻蔑地笑) scoff: To laugh at, to speak or act disrespectfully. /to
speak in scornful mocking way.
It was a great invention but at first many people scoffed at it.
(戏弄)
chaff: (infl) To make fun of sb in a good-humored way.
He chaffed the man about his mistakes in speaking English.
(讥笑) jeer: To laugh rudely at /to insult sb in a loud, unpleasant way.
They always jeer at the priests.
gibe(jibe): To laugh at with the intention of hurting the feeling with sarcastic remarks.
Don't gibe at her behavior until you know the reason for it.
(讥笑 冷笑) sneer: To express proud dislike by a kind of usu, one- side
smile or to show scorn or contempt by looks.
She sneered at the furniture in his neighbor's home.
joke: To make fun of.
You mustn't joke with him about religion.
(取笑) jest: To act or speak playful, not seriously.
Don't jest about serious things.
(戏弄) banter: To speak, or act playfully or jokingly.
We bantered him on the subject of marriage.
(轻视) scorn: To look down upon.
28.疯
mad: Showing that one has amanita illness which often causes them to behave in strange way.
crazy: (infl) Very strange or foolish.
psychotic: The most precise one. used by psychiatrists.
insane Not sound in mind. used in scientific articles.
lunatic: (old derog) wildly foolish.
demented It indicates sb's mentality has degenerated from a precious level.
maniac: (n) A mad person who is violent and dangerous.
29.味道
smell: The most general one.
It refers to something pleasant or unpleasant.
odo(u)r: (fml) More used in scientific articles.
fragrance: A sweet or pleasant smell.
It refers to flowers and stresses a delicate smell from plants.
Those roses have a delightful fragrance.
scent: A smell esp. left by an animals, an pleasant smell.
Our dog lost the fox's scent.
perfume: A sweet or pleasant smell.
It refers to either natural smell or a man-made smell and stresses a strong and rich smell compared with fragrance
aroma: A strong usu pleasant smell, often a spicy smell.
flavor: The particular quality of tasting good or pleasantly strong. The bread hasn't much flavor.
savor: The smell of food by the processes of cooking.
The meat had cooked too long and lost its savor.
stink: A strong unpleasant smell. the stink of sweaty feet.
stench: A very strong unpleasant smell.
30.怕
fear: The feeling that one has when danger is near.
(可怕) dread: A great fear esp. of some harm to come.
It suggests fear of facing whatever is coming. Usually dread also means loss of courage.
Illness is the great dread of his life.
(畏惧) fright: The feeling or experience of fear. sudden great fear.
I nearly died of fright at the sight of escaped lion.
(恐慌) alarm: Sudden fear and anxiety as caused by the possibility of
danger and excitement caused by fear of danger.
The news caused great alarm.
(恐惧) terror: Extreme and intense fear.
The people ran from the enemy in terror.
(恐怖 战栗) horror: A feeling of great shock, fear and dislike.
I cried out in horror as I saw the man killed.
(惊恐万状) panic: Sudden uncontrollable quickly-spreading fear or terror, which results in unreasonable and frantic activity.
When I realized the situation I got into a panic.
(敬畏) awe: A feeling respect mixed with fear and wonder.
He always stands in awe of his father.
31.闪光
shine: The most general one.
(闪耀) glitter: To shine brightly with flashing points of light.
All that glitters is not gold.
(发火花) sparkle: To shine in small flashes.
It suggests uneven, bright flashes reflected from light-catching objects.
We can see a diamond sparkling in the sunlight.
(闪光) flash: To give out a sudden and monetary bright ray of light/
To shine suddenly for a moment.
(闪耀) glisten: To shine from or as if from a wet surface.
His hair glistened with oil. The wet road glistened.
(闪烁) gleam: To send out a bright light moderately, mildly not violently.
A cat's eye gleamed in the dark. The lantern gleamed.
(冒火花) spark: To send out small bits of fire.
He was so angry that his eyes sparked furiously.
(闪烁不定) flicker: To burn unsteadily, shine with an unsteady light.
The candle flickered and then went out.
glimmer: To give a very faint, unsteady light.
The lights glimmered in the distance.
(闪烁) twinkle: To shine with a unsteady light that rapidly changes from fright to faint.
The stars are twinkling in the sky in the evening.
glow: To give out heat and/or light without flames or smoke.
The iron bar was heated until it glowed.
(闪烁) glint: To give out small flashes of light, as the eyes of an eager person are supposed to do
The sun glinted through the leaves after the shower.
(眩光) glare: To shine with a strong light in a way unpleasant to the eyes.
The lights of the car glared at me.
flame: To burn brightly.
You can see the burning log flaming.
(冒火苗) blaze: To burn with a bright flame.
the house is blazing.
(闪闪燃烧) flare: To burn with a 高中语文 bright flame, but uncertainly or for a short time.
The candles flared in the wind.
dazzle: To make unable to see because of a sudden very strong light.
The headlight dazzles.
coruscate: (fml) to flash, sparkle.
The sparks coruscated.
scintillate:
The gems scintillate.
32.大
big: Large in size, extent or important.
large: Much bigger than average
great: Very large, important, and good.
great change / great writer / great idea.
huge: Very fig in size, amount and degree.
It stresses volume.(体积)
a huge house/ make a huge profit.
vast: Very large and wide, great in size or amount.
It stresses area.(体积)two dimensional extensions
It is a vast expanse of desert.
vast plains/ vast majority / at vast expanse.
immense: Very great in size or degree./very large or huge.
It stresses three dimensional largesse.
It implies immeasurableness.
an immense palace/ immense importance
The government will build an immense stadium.
enormous: Extremely large./very large in size, amount or degree.
It stresses not only size but degree.
It implies abnormality.
He earned enormous sums of money
an enormous animal/ enormous appetite/ enormous amount
tremendous: Extraordinarily large in size, amount or degree. / large or impressive
It implies astonishment, terror.
tremendous speed / tremendous noise/ tremendous amount /tremendous feeling.
gigantic: Immense in size, on a very large scale like a giant.
titanic: Very big or important.
It refers back to the Titans, a race of giant in Greek mythology. It stresses force and power.
We've made titanic effort to achieve our purpose.
colossal: Very large indeed.
It comes from Colossus of Rhodes a huge statue that is
one of the wonders of the ancient world.
It implies incredibility.
33.感情
feeling(s): It can refer to mind or body. It's either pleasant or painful.
(感觉) sensation: (u c n) A direct feeling coming from the senses and conveyed to the nervous system by the organs of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting or smelling. Sugar gives a sensation of sweetness.
(激情) emotion: (c n) Any of the strong feelings of the human spirit Love, joy, anger, hatred and grief are emotions.
His speech had an effect on our emotions rather than our reason.
(强烈的激情) passion: Strong emotions, strong, deep often uncontrollable
feeling, esp. of sexual love, hatred or anger.
The poet expressed his burning passion for the woman he loved.
(情操 情趣) sentiment: (u c n) A tender or fine feeling as of pity, love, sadness or imaginative remembrance of the past.
It's not a beautiful watch, but I wear it for sentiment because it is my father's. Admiration, patriotism and loyalty are sentiments.
34.工作 职业
work: (u n) A very general one.
job: (c n) Any sort of gainful regular employment whether
permanent or temporary.
He had a good jog in a bank.
profession: It suggests a position that can't be gained without a considerable amount of higher education.
It implies intellectual work, scholarship and mainly refers to three learned professions-law, medicine and theology.
What do you think of the profession to be a teacher?
occupation: What he is engaged in, either continuously or temporarily, for any purpose, whether of profit of amusement, learning.
Can you find occupation suitable for his abilities.
employment: (u n) What one is doing, work done in service of another in order to make a living or get pay./temporary business,
The government gives some money to the worker out of employment.
vocation: (c n) A job which one does because one thinks one has a special fitness or ability or sense of duty.
It suggests the people do it in order to help others not for the earning of a livelihood. teaching and nursing. Teaching children ought or be a vocation as well as a way of earning money.
position: (fml) A job, post, usually involving professions managerial or clerical work, not manual.
She got a position as a governess.
He lost his position as steward.
35.停止
stop: The most general one.
pause: To stop for a short time.
He paused to pick up a stone.
cease: To stop moving or acting.
It implies a total extinction.
They ceased (from) quarrelling. to cease fire.
quit: To stop doing something and leave.
It implies the meaning of "voluntarily and completely."
He quitted his school/job.
halt: To cause to stop.
It refers to the abrupt, decisive termination of movement.
It implies the meaning of "by authority or force."
The soldiers halted for a rest.
knock off: (infm)To stop
terminate: To come to an end.
The two countries terminated their relations.
36.持久
durable: Long-lasting
It refers to the power to resist change, delay and wear.
we must make a durable peace.
(ever)-lasting: Continuing for a long time/unending.
It refers to something that may end sooner or later. a lasting sorrow/ a ever-lasting friendship.
perpetual: (strongest one) Lasting for ever or a long time.
/uninterrupted happening often. It refers chiefly to an activity that is not susceptible to interruption.
I'm tired of your perpetual complainants/chatters.
permanent: Lasting for ever.
The permanent of the treaty is in doubt.
enduring: Lasting and continuing to exist.
It implies great resistance to both time and change.
37.旅行
journey: The most general one.
it is now usually used of travel by sand and often
suggests the covering of considerable time or distance, and a direct going from a starting point to a destination, with no necessary implication of a return.
travel: A passing from place to place, not necessarily in a direct line or with fixed destination.
trip: (infm) It suggests the covering of shorter time or distance and a direct journey and implies an final return to the starting point.
tour: A journey that returns to the starting point, and many places are visited generally over a considerable distance often by means of a circuitous route. for instance for sightseeing, inspection, honey moon, business.
excursion: It emphasizes a temporary departure from a given place and specifies a return to it. It can point to a sea or land tour or to a short outing a short journey made for pleasure usu by several people together.
voyage: A long journey on a ship or in a spacecraft.
38.抓,握
grasp: To take hold of something firmly usu using the whole hand. Grasp all and lose all.
He grasped her by the hand.
clasp: To hold something firmly and tightly with one's arms or hand round.
The child clasped his doll protectively.
clutch: To grasp something quickly and greedily.
It suggests eagerness or an anxiety in seizing or grasping and may implies less success in holding.
The mother clutched her baby in his arms.
seize: To take hold of suddenly with force. The animal seized its prey.
to seize sb by the hand/to seize something from sb.
snatch: To grasp something quickly and suddenly sometimes secretly
It suggests more suddenness or quickness but less force than seize.
The thief snatched her purse and ran away.
grab: (infml) It implies more roughness and rudeness than snatch. She grabbed his arms and pulled him out of the room.
grip: To take a very tight hold of something esp. with your fingers or with a tool.
He gripped the nail and pulled it out.
39.看 凝视
see: To experience with the eyes and it does not depend on what you want to do.
look at: To use your eyes on purpose and with attention.
watch: to look for some time at something that may move.
gaze: To look long and steadily, often with the implication of
wonder, admiration.
stare: To gaze intently esp. with wide-open eyes as in amusement,
admiration, wonder, deep thought, anger or fear.
glance: To look at something quickly and briefly.
glimpse: To see by chance, just for a moment.
glare: To stare angrily, fiercely.
It emphasizes hospitality or fear.
peep: To look quickly and secretly or from a hiding place.
peer: To look sharply and curiously with a narrowing of the eyes
often a movement of the head forward.
gape: To look hard in surprise, esp. with the mouth open.
40.静
quiet: Without any sound. A quiet person is not noisy or loud. A quiet street may have little or no traffic on it.
still: Without any movement.
An engine is still if it is not running.
silent: Without any words.
calm: Peaceful. A calm person is relaxed. He doesn't get excited easily.
peaceful: (something) Gentle and restful and calm.
It is very peaceful in the country.
41.消灭
destroy: To damage it so much that it is completely ruined.
The enemy soldiers destroyed everything in sight when they captured the village.
damage: To hurt or lower the value of something.
The car was damaged in the accident.
ruin: To destroy gradually, little by little. An object that has been ruined has lost all its value or usefulness, which can't be repaired or fixed.
Moths ruined good woolen clothes by eating holes in them.
spoil: To ruin something so it can't be used.
Milk will spoil if it is not kept cold.
demolish: To destroy big or substantial things such as buildings
Many buildings had to be demolished before the new highway could be built.
exterminate: To destroy in a big way or in large amount.
wreck: To break it, destroy it, or spoil it completely.
It usually refers to vessels or vehicles.
42.结果
result: The most general one.
What happens because of something else.
It indicates a strict causal link between the two events.
The word may often suggest an earlier action
deliberately taken to gain a particular goal. It suggests a unique or unpredictable one-time action.
consequence: (fml) Something that follows from an action or condition.
More often the word suggests a negative result or at least the negative concomitant (相伴的) of an otherwise desirable effect.
Cancer is a consequence of smoking.
effect: A special or particular result.
It gives a more objective almost scientific tone and emphasizes a principle that underlies a chain of events.
Did the medical have a good effect.
43.表明 代表
mean: The most general one
show: To show that something exists or is true means to prove it. It refers to the agreed- upon ideas or thing that words or signs stand for.
suggest: To cause to come to mind.
It by contrast concentrates specifically on covert or
implicit qualities or association in signs or language.
It stresses tentative alternatives in meaning.
He claims to mean one thing, but his choice of words suggests quite another.
The sight of birds suggested a new idea for flying machine.
indicate: To make a sign for/clear.
It stresses a rough approximation of literal meaning.
A high fever indicates severe illness.
His answer indicated that I could leave.
imply: To express indirectly.
It stresses subtlety or complexity of association.
His manner implies that he would like cone with us.
Do you realize what his words imply?
denote: To be a mark of.
It specially refers to what a term strictly or literally means.
The sign x denotes an unknown number.
A smile often denotes pleasure.
The sign "=" denotes that two things are equal.
connote: (more formal and technical) It refers to all the possible associations that are implied or suggested by a term. Connote is closer in meaning to imply than suggest. signify: To be a sign of.
It suggests a simple literal meaning and stresses any aspect of conveyed understandings. Sometimes the word is used especially to refer to the deepest import of an expression than to more obvious or superficial aspects
He signified his agreement by nodding.
A fever usually signifies a disorder of the body.
symbolize: To represent by one or more symbols.
It suggests a rich cluster of abstract concepts that are invested in a word, gesture or object and stresses a deliberate compression of complex idea into a concrete token that stands for them.
The dove symbolizes peace.
The sign "+" symbolizes addition in arithmetic.
44.帮助
help: The general one. to supply whatever someone needs or do whatever might be useful to him.
assist: To co-operate with sb not taking an important part.
He assisted the doctor in the operation.
aid: (not followed infinitive) To help sb who is weak or is in
trouble who wanted very much by adding your work to his in order to do something.
The Red Cross often aids flood victims.
45.获得,得到
get: The most general one.
obtain: (fml)It stresses the seeking out of something.
gain: to get gradually.
It indicates greater effort in the seeking process, forceful
seizure.
He gained the prize because of his good work.
acquire: To get for oneself by one's own work, skill action piece by piece little by little.
He acquired good knowledge of English by hard work.
attain: To manage to achieve, to succeed in arriving at.
He attained the position of minister.
procure: It implies maneuvering to process something and suggests involved,
contrived or even shady (unjust) dealings.
46.礼品,礼物
present: It shows a friendly and respectful attitude usu substantial things.
gift: It shows something which is given voluntarily given without
expectation of return or compensation.
47.愚蠢
silly: Foolish or childish
a silly boy/story/fellow/question/mistake, silly remarks.
foolish: Very silly or unwise
a foolish act/child/old man, foolish people.
stupid: Showing lack of good judgment or intelligence and not at all
sensible.
a stupid idea/mistake/person/act.
48.地区,地域
zone: A particular part of something or a particular place.
area: A small or large part not thought of a fixed land pision.
A playground is an outside area.
region: Usually part of a country usually large may or may not
be thought of as fixed land pision.
A desert is a barren region.
district: A fixed land pision usually smaller than region.
We live in Hongkou District of Shanghai.
49.会议 集会
meeting: The most general one. any gathering of several or many people in one place at a certain time. A meeting can be large or small, long or shirt. It is usually planned ahead of time.
(年会) convention: An annual meeting of an organization or political group.
(讨论会) conference: A meeting at which two or more people have an formal discussion and exchange views on a subject.
(代表大会) congress: A formal meeting of representatives of societies or countries to exchange information and opinion.
(集会) assembly: A group of people who have gathered together for a meeting for the purpose of being informed, being entertained or making group decisions.
(协商会) council: A meeting of a small group of people chosen from a large group to serve as advisers or consultants.
50.成就,功绩
achievement: Something which one succeed in doing esp. after a lot of effort usually dangerous or difficult.
The first space flight was a great achievement.
accomplishment: The skill that people have required. It is something that took knowledge and, usually, hard work. When you have solved a hard arithmetic problem or learned to figure out, you can be proud of your accomplishment.
Among his many accomplishments is the ability to play card tricks.
feat: It requires more courage and strength. It applies to mental acts as well physical acts.
Learning a new skill is a feat.
exploit: An accomplishment that requires even greater daring and heroism than a feat.
Old stories tell about the exploits of famous heroes.
高三英语复习要制定计划有效实践
进入的任务很重，往往觉得什么都要抓，就是时间不够，不知道如何合理安排时间，提高，因此就如何抓好的，我谈谈几点想法，供同学参考。
复习要有计划性
从到高三，其他的教辅练习及课外读物都不算，教科书就有六本，单词有三千多个，同学感到最头痛的是英语的一些习惯用语，量多背了又记不住，似乎已经都学过了，讲起来都有些印象，但一做题就错了，如非谓语动词，又是不定式，又是分词，又是动名词，在作专项练习时还可以，但在作综合练习时就常混在一起了，不知道究竟选什么才好。因此我们同学在进入高三时或在结束时就应该有一个复习计划，先粗线条地订出一年的计划，然后再较具体地订出每个阶段的计划。
复习要有实践性
英语是一门语言，它的实践性很强，学习语言的目的是要运用所学到的语言进行社会交际与文化交流，就是考查学生的语言基础，基本技巧及运用语言的，尤其是考查运用语言的。特别要指出的是，运用的考查在中不断在加强 高二。了解这个趋势很重要，近几年英语高考的发展趋势就是强化能力，如高考听力占到三十分，今年高考又有了一些变化，语法词汇选择从原来的三十分改为二十分，同时阅读与句子的翻译又有了加强：语篇阅读从四篇增加为五篇，句子的中译英从十五分增加到二十分，所有这些变化都是为了强化语言能力的考查，也就是高考中更注重了语言的实践性。
注意实践能力培养
这主要包括英语的听力与阅读能力的训练，首先要养成听英语的习惯，可以听磁带，看英语电影，听英语广播，要天天听，任何语言都是从听开始的，有好多同学英语差多半是差在听力上，因为没有听的习惯，听不懂就不会念，因此背起来也很累，有基础的同学念了几遍就能背了，而听力差的同学读了好多遍还是背不出来。阅读是靠大量的阅读培养出来的，没有一定量的阅读，阅读是不可能过关的，语言的掌握是靠量的积累，也就是要有大量的in鄄put，同学如果做练习时，做做语法或词汇选择还行，但看到阅读理解时就怕了，这些同学的英语拿个及格可能还行，拿高分是不可能的。所以我们同学一定要注意英语的实践性，加强听说读写的实践能力的培养和提高。
如何学习英语词汇
1.多做题，搞懂每一题，不要有生词。
不确定为什么答案是B就查字典。推荐朗文及牛津辞典。最好用英英，次之中英双解，最不推荐用中英辞典，这样永远学不好。查单词时，一定要从从头看到尾，把各种解释、用法、例句都快快看过一次。查字典找句你觉得不错的例句多看，自己最好也造一句写下来。
2. collocation 词语搭配。
这是一般学的最大罩门。中文也有collocation，例如我们说一匹马，不说一匹女人；打草惊蛇，不说打草惊蚯蚓。所以学要连该单词的固定使用词套或语境(context)一起学。一个单词固定搭配的介词也要一起记。如be consistent with视为一个单位记。所有解释都过一遍，自己找出最符合上下文中的定义。字典中有单字就继续查那个生词，查到没生词为止。 Cross-reference is very important for boosting your vocabulary power.
3. 想尽办法自己找出答案，自己真的找不到答案才问。
一定要学会自己找出答案。Be your own teacher!
4. 给自己定个时间表。
词汇量是日积月累的，一天搞懂(不是死记)十个重点单字，当天写篇日记或发手机短信运用学到的这些词。每天前一天的单词，当天自是得心应手。
5. 随时随地学英文。
我力不是很好，所以我大多是用分析的方式帮我记住单词。我也不习惯用看的，所以大部分用听的方式。我还习惯利用零碎时间。例如打车时，走路时，玩时，就放著BBC广播当背景声。你们也可以去买一套有磁带的单字书，每
天多听几次。睡前也听，睡眠法很有用。
6. 活用语音表意、以形表意、语音转换等词汇，利用已知背未知的大原则。
每次看到新单词，就先从你已经知道的单词中找最接近的单词去联想，看能否语音转换，多多练习联想会愈快。这些理论只要自己多练习活用，以后下意识看到单词就自动会把它拆开啦！上过我词汇课的同学，应该要看的懂我所标示的说明，如total/ partial assimilation，规则还记得吗？
7. 基本词缀要看熟。
如ad-,-ate, -ful etc. 去找本有字根字首分析的书。然后最好要有英文解释及例句。运用我教过的几种词汇理论，把每个单字都归纳过一次，包括书中的字根字首都可以用语音转换分析，这样单字才记得牢。
8. 这周就记这十个单词吧！
9. 请尽量学习用英文了解英文。
我的讲义向来不放中文解释，就是不希望同学太依赖中文，而影响对英文单词的正确理解。我的单词解释都以英文为主，不告诉你中文,高二。要是有生词，请自己查字典。至少定义部分要达到无单词的地步。请尽量学习用英文了解英文。当你比我用功的时候，你的英文应该进步神速了。
10. No passive reading！
尽量开口说，就算记生词也是。把握正确念法，才能帮助记住一个单词。多找文章大声朗诵。
暑假自学非谓语动词表达意义区别
在针对至善教育暑假班李老师准备的非谓语动词练习之后，新高三的学习对非谓语动词熟悉或是漏洞应该都找的差不多了，且看游学欧洲多年的李老师是如何解析非谓语动词用法的。我么来学习第四个问题：注意区别。
注意以下表达的意义区别
falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶
boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家
I like swimming， but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
Her job is giving piano lessons to children， but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.
The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. )
看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。
His frightening shout scared the boys again.
( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )
他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。
类似的还有：
an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 兴奋的声音
a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 a puzzled look 困惑的表情He
He hunted all the shops， looking for a nice present for his girlfriend.
(伴随)他找遍了所有的商店，为他的女友寻来一件精英的礼物。
He hunted all the shops to buy a nice present for his girlfriend.
(目的)为给他的女友买一件精美的礼物，他跑遍了所有的商店。
I stayed up very late yesterday， preparing my speech.
(伴随)我昨晚睡得很晚，一直在准备演讲稿。
I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for my family.
(目的)今天早晨我起得很早以便给家人准备早餐。
高中英语教学中渗透思想品德教育的尝试
摘要：根据新课改精神编写的现行高中英语教材的课文中包含了许多道德教育、思想教育和心理素质教育的寓德内容。充分利用教材本身所具有的辩证唯物主义观点和科学思维方式，可以引导学生思维活跃，思想辩证，培养学生坚强、进取、豁达、乐观的性格。因此，作为英语教师应努力挖掘这些德育因素，以知识为载体，适时适度地在教学中渗透思想品质、爱国主义和社会主义等方面的教育，培养学生良好的思想道德素质。
关键词：新课程；英语教学；渗透；思想品德教育
教育部制定的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》明确提出“高中英语课程关注学生的情感，使学生在英语学习的过程中，提高独立思考和判断的能力，发展与人沟通和合作的能力，增进跨文化理解和跨文化交际的能力，树立正确的人生观、世界观和价值观，增强社会责任感，全面提高人文素养。”，“英语教材应渗透思想品德教育，应有利于学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观。”；《中学德育大纲》中也指出：各科教学是向学生进行思想品德教育的最经常、最基本的途径，它对培养学生的思想道德素质具有重要的作用，因此，各科教师均要教书育人，寓德育于各科教学的教学内容和教学过程的各个环节之中，把《德育大纲》的贯彻实施，看作是各科教师的一项重要任务”。根据新课改精神编写的现行高中英语教材的课文所涉及的题材比较广泛，内容包括历史名人传记、自然灾害、环境保护、生态平衡、能源与交通、行为规范、人际关系、音乐体育、妇女权利等。这些教学内容都渗透了德育因素，有的与我们的生活密切相关，有的是人类所共同关心的问题，具有时代性、思想性、知识性和真实性。英语教师应努力挖掘这些德育因素，以知识为载体，适时适度地在教学中渗透思想品质、爱国主义和社会主义等方面的教育，培养学生健康的思想道德素质。但是在实际的英语课堂教学中，许多老师只注重英语的听说读写练习，而忽视了在教学中渗透情感教育和德育教育。而事实上，教育和教学是相辅相成，相互融合的，没有单纯的传授知识的教学。课堂是师生心理交流场所，课堂教学的一切活动地无不表现教师的情操与思想。如果我们能够根据英语学科的特点，认真钻研教材，发掘蕴涵在教材中的思想教育因素，把德育教育自然融入教学，注意创造良好的学习情境与课堂气氛，完全可以通过英语课堂教学的有效途径，取得对学生进行思想品德教育的良好效果。现笔者结合英语课堂教学实际，谈在英语新课程教学中渗透思想道德素质教育的几点尝试做法和教学感悟：
1．挖掘教材中的思想教育因素渗透思想道德素质教育
教师要充分利用高中英语新课程教材中本身所具有的辩证唯物主义观点和科学思维方式等思想教育因素，引导学生思维活跃，思想辩证，培养学生坚强、进取、豁达、乐观等性格的思想道德素质。例如，高中英语必修1（人教课标版） Unit 1 Friendship?要求学生就“朋友应具备什么品质”这一话题表达自己的'看法，使用适当的形容词并通过简单举例来描述人的品质。在上课时，教师可以首先向学生提出问题：What qualities should a good friend have? 让全班学生在纸上列出朋友应该具有的品质，可用形容词也可用短语进行表达，从中选出最重要的三种品质。学生已学的品质形容词包括active, brave, careful, clever, honest, helpful, humorous, kind, smart, wise, hard-working；generous, selfless, easy-going, reliable, considerate, patient, sincere, responsible等。然后让学生欣赏有关友谊的格言和谚语，选出自己喜爱和不喜爱的格言，可以给出各自喜欢和不喜欢的理由。教师适时给以引导： An honest friend will tell you the truth when you make a mistake. In addition, an honest friend won't help you cheat in the exam. A helpful friend will be ready to offer help when you need it. A helpful friend won't add up what he/she does for you. 使学生领会友谊和朋友的真正内涵，懂得正确处理与朋友之间的问题，培养健康的思想品德和高尚的人格魅力。
2．利用教材中的课文典型实例渗透思想道德素质教育
在课堂教学中，教师可以充分利用高中英语新课程教材中的课文典型实例，把书本知识与社会实际联系起来，引导学生关心家乡建设、国家的发展、科学技术的成就和丰富多彩的社会文化生活，促使学生各种良好思想道德素质的养成。例如, 高中英语必修5（人教课标版） Unit 1 Great Scientists这一单元主要话题是“科学家如何以探索、钻研、无畏的科研精神验证未知的科学真理。”Reading部分介绍英国著名医生John Snow 是如何通过考察、分析、探究的科学办法，发现并控制“霍乱”这种传染病的。通过阅读课文，使学生感悟科学家周密观察、勇于探索、认真分析的科学精神，使学生了解科学发现的全过程具有其科学的严密性。教学步骤如下：
1．导入话题：There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them?
2．设问如下：What kind of role do they play in the field of science ? Do these achievements have anything in common?Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?
3．使学生初步了解得出科学观点所需的过程：①First we should find the problem. ②Then, think of a method. ③We should 高中物理 collect as much information as possible.④ Analyzing results is the most important stage.⑤Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to repeat some stages or processes.
4．最后让学生Discuss in groups about the basic factors that make a scientist successful and understand the spirit of science.
又如，高中英语必修3（人教课标版） Unit 2 Healthy Eating,本单元以“健康饮食”为中心话题，通过单元教学让学生了解各种食物对人体的作用，引导学生关注平衡膳食，促使学生养成健康饮食的习惯。在上Healthy Eating 这一单元时，先用讨论引入话题，What are the damages of eating junk food? 让学生对这个非常熟悉的话题畅所欲言，把自己亲身经历和最有感受的真实事情在课堂上用英语讲述出来。这样，既提高了英语口语表述能力，又意识到了吃垃圾食品的严重危害性，因而重视饮食卫生，自觉养成良好的生活习惯。
3．结合教材中的词语例句渗透思想道德素质教育
教师在对高中英语新课程教材中的典型词语或结构作讲析时，可以在例句中紧扣词语意义、结构特点，引入“美、善”的内容，一样可以培养学生正确的人生观、价值观，使他们在潜移默化中修身成才。如讲到高中英语必修4（人教课标版） Unit5 Theme Parks的 Reading部分时，课文中的相关语句：There are more than amusement park with…The big companies that own theme park expect to make a profit…You can see how our ancestors dressed…都能体现出主题公园的三个目的。Purpose 1: to entertain. Explanation: There are many rides to go and things to see. Purpose 2: to educate. Explanation: Visitors can learn about history,cultures and science. Purpose 3: to make profits. Explanation: Admission fees are charged,extra payment is required for rides and shows,and souvenirs and brand-name items are sold.而许多道理也就是在这种简易的词语例句中不言而喻的。(文化意识：开阔视野，认识世界各地各种功能的主题公园，欣赏不同文化的美，同时养成爱护珍惜家乡传统文化遗产的习惯。情感态度：陶冶情操，培育浓郁的乡情及对祖国的热爱之情；培养交际能力，合作互助的精神。)通过这种教学方式，教师不仅教授了英语教学大纲规定的内容，又将课程的思想因素和品德教育有机渗透于课堂教学中，还对学生进行了有说服力的思想教育和思维训练。
总而言之，新课程强调知识与技能，过程与方法，情感态度价值观三位一体，培养学生终身学习的愿望和能力，尊重学生的个体与差异，发展学生的潜能，促进每一个学生的发展，教学中注重学科能力的培养和学科思想与方法的教育。中学阶段英语课的学习对学生的人生观、世界观、健康心理的形成与培养起着至关重要的作用，寓德育于英语教学，在教学中渗透思想品德教育，是英语教师面临的一个重要课题。我们应当努力挖掘高中英语新课程教材中极为丰富的德育资源，恰当运用各种传统的、现代化的教育媒体，在教育教学改革的大潮中，按照英语教学的自身规律，培养具有高尚人格、美好心灵和丰富知识的一代新人。这是时代对我们的要求和重托，祖国和人民对我们教育工作者的殷切希望，更是做为一名教育工作者义不容辞的神圣职责。
参考文献：
[1]中华人民共和国教育部．普通高中英语课程标准（实验）．人民教育出版社．北京：2003．
[2]郑金洲．基于新课程的课堂教学改革．福建教育出版社．福州：2003．
[3]姚瑞兰．高中英语新课程教学设计与评价．高等教育出版社．北京：2008．
2016年高考英语语法题解题技巧
[导读]我们就可以根据历年测的分布，合理分配的时间。因此我们在时，就要在重点项目上多花时间，在非重点项目少花时间。
2005年——2010年上海市语法题考点统计表
从上述 “2005年—2010年上海市高考英语语法题统计表”上可以看出语法测试的重点是动词，6次高考共测试36题，平均每次高考测试6题;其次是状语从句有10题;名词性从句有10题;形容词与副词有7题;而冠词与数词、虚拟语气为最少。由此我们就可以根据历年语法测试题的分布，合理分配语法复习的时间。因此我们在复习时，就要在重点项目上多花时间，在非重点项目少花时间。再如，在复习非谓语动词时，哪些动词后可以跟动词不定式作宾语，哪些动词后可以跟动名词作宾语，要把常用的动词进行分类，然后背诵;在复习动词不定式作宾补时，我们也可以进行分类，如：feel, hear, listento, make, let, have, see, look at,watch, notice, observe等，这些动词后面动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to：I often hear him sing the song.Don’tforget to have him come. He sat lis-tening to her climb the stairs。各有不同，但目的只有一个，抓住重点，提高。
2、把握考点 提高
考点：语法注重对题干语境的理解和语法形式的掌握。
高考英语语法测试呈现两大特点：一是基础性，基础测试面广，覆盖了词法、句法的基本点;二是语法试题更呈现语境化，选用的题干语句上下文情景清晰，易于理解。我们分析前几年的高考语法题，测试的内容都是最基础的，且题目难度不高。由于一道题对应一个语法点，做题时要同时揣摩通过这题想考哪个知识点，想明白了，题目也就迎刃而解了。如：
例 1 高一，At a rough estimate,Nigeria is ______GreatBritain. (05秋)
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the sizeof
D. three times the size of
剖析：本题测试倍数的表达方法。倍数有三种表示法：
(1)X times+as+形容词或副词原级+as， 如： A is threetimes as large asB。
(2)X times+形容词或副词比较级+than，如： A is threetimes larger than B。
(3)X times+名词形式，如：A is three times the size ofB。
本题用的是第三种表达方法，所以选项D是正确答案。
例 2，In an hour, we cantravel to places ____would havetaken our ancestors days toreach。(06秋)
A.where B.when
C.which D.what
评析：本题考查定语从句。根据句意，先行词“places”在定语从句中既是主语，又是不定式短语“to reach”的宾语，应该用关系代词，所以C选项为正确答案。
3、讲究方法 提高效率
在做语法题的时候，我们还可以找到一些方法来快速解题。
1)成分补充法
我们通过把省去的部分补完整，可以帮助我们更好解整个句子。
例1: ——Mum, why do youalwaysmake me eat an egg everyday?
—— _________ enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。
A.Get B.Getting
C.To get D.To be getting
如果我们把答语补充完整，那么就得到：I alwaysmake you eat anegg every day to get enough proteinand nutrition as you are growing up。这样我们很快就得到答案C。
2)句子还原法
一些句式还原后就更加清晰明了，也更符合学生的习惯，这样就容易解题了。
例1：Mrs Smithwasmuch disap-pointed to see the TV set she hadhad ________wentwrong again。
A. It B. it repaired
C.Repaired D. to be repaired
分析：本题在the TV set后有一个定语从句，还原法是破解定语从句的一个好方法，我们把先行词还原到从句中，从句的结构就明确了：
She had had theTV set… 如果我们选用C. repaired,就成了：Shehad had theTV set repaired。
很显然这是考核have sth. done的句型，我们很快就能找到答案C。
例2： Was everything Jim ___away by the robbers last night?
a. taken b. had taken
c. owned took d. like to take
这个句子把定语从句还原后得：everything that Jim had,然后再还原was得：
Everything that Jim hadwas tak-en away by the robbers last night。
因此我们很快就找到答案B。
3)排除干扰法
排除干扰法就是去掉题干中干扰的成分如定语、插入语、从句等，把题干理一理，使得我们看得更清楚。
例1： The bell ________the endof the period rang, ________ourheated discussion.A. indicating…interruptingB. indicated…interruptingC. indicating…interruptedD. indicated…interrupted
去掉 the end of the period和our heated discussion剩下：
The bell…rang，我们看到了一个主谓结构的句子，因此我们就可以判定，前后两个空格都是非谓语的位置，所以很快就可以找到答案A。
例2： The strong wind causedthe fire, which obviously had beenset by someone on purpose, _______quickly across the field.A. spreading B. spreadC. to spreading D. to spread
如果我们把中间的非限制性定语从句先拿掉，剩下就是：
The strong wind caused the fireto spread quickly across the field。
这时我们可以看出这个题目的考点是cause sb./sth. to do，所以我们很快就可以判定答案是D。
4、不断总结，不断提高
我们做任何事，都要不断总结，善于总结，才能不断提高。
阶段英语复习更是如此。我在教学过程中曾经让学生把每次练习、测验、中做错的题目抄在一个“错题集”本子上，在题目的右边留一段空白，写上题目的答案、做错的原因和解题思路，经常看看做做，一直到完全掌握为止。
实践证明这个方法很有效，同学们也可以试试。除了总结“错题”外，还可以总结词汇。比如我们总结了上海市高考词汇表中以字母a开头的表语形容词，这些形容词只能做表语和后置定语，不能做前置形容词，它们是：afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep,awake, aware。
5、把握命题趋势
综上所述，同学们应当把语法和词汇复习的重点放在对基本结构和词汇的准确理解和运用上，尤其是要结合交际功能和词汇的复习，掌握在不同的语言情景里选用恰当的语法结构和词汇。
同学们要特别注意不要在语法和词汇复习中钻牛角尖，不要超出英语语法的范围对语法项目深挖，不要在有些语法学者和老师们尚有争论的语法现象上花很多时间，不要进行烦琐无谓的近义词辨析，不要不加选择地做过多的语法和词汇练习，要大胆地摈弃那些过于复杂、转弯过多、在真实语言交际中不可能出现的偏题、怪题。
总之，要把握高考英语语法和词汇命题的趋势：逐步转向突出基本知识、突出运用、强化情景、体现语法和词汇不脱离语言交际的趋势。同学们要把复习的重点转向广泛阅读，大量接触生动活泼的语言材料，并最终掌握语法和词汇知识。
6、读懂题目再下手
看不懂的先停一停，先做会做的，先易后难。没有读懂题目，不要轻易下手。比如，Largemu-seums no longer acceptthat is offered to them, but ac-cept only objects thatmeet theirhigh standards. A. anything B.any C.whatever D. everything这个题目好象很容易，很多同学看一眼，马上选出anything,理由是完全否定，在否定句中用any-thing;如果同学再仔细一些就会确定everything是本题答案，因为大博物馆不是完全不接受ob-jects，而是接受那些符合他们高标准的objects，因此这个句子是部分否定。
最后，答题速度要快，一分钟要做2—3题
